was one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs (guardians) in history He was a Sahabah or companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He succeeded Abu Bakr R.a (632–634) as the second Rashidof the Rashidun Caliphate on 23 August 634. He was an expert Islamic jurist and is best known for his pious and just nature, which earned him the title Al-Faruq ("the one who distinguishes between right and wrong"). He is sometimes referred to as Umar ra by historians of Islam, since a later Umayyad caliph, UmarraI, also bore that name.
Under Umar, the Rashidun Caliphate expanded at an unprecedented rate, ruling the whole Sasanian Empire and more than two thirds of the Byzantine Empire. His attacks against the Sassanid Persian Empire resulted in theconquest of Persia in fewer than two years. It was Umar, according to Jewish tradition, who set aside the Christian ban on Jews and allowed them into Jerusalem and to worship Umar is regarded as one of the most ifluential figures in Islamic history. He was in a true sense the architect of the Islamic Empire. As a leader, 'Umar was known for his simple, austere lifestyle. Rather than adopt the pomp and display affected by the rulers of the time, he continued to live much as he had when Muslims were poor and persecuted.
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